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Milkweed for Monarchs

Monarch butterfly illustration

Everything You Need to Know to Help Monarch Butterflies

Monarch butterflies are on nearly everyone’s minds. Their declining numbers have many people wondering “What can I do to help?”

Luckily, you can help these beloved butterflies in your very own garden or community by planting milkweed and taking action!

Why is Milkweed Important for Monarchs?

Monarch caterpillars are picky eaters. They can only eat one thing: milkweed. Milkweed is what we call their “host plant”, meaning that the caterpillar depends on it as a food source and cannot survive without it.

Unfortunately, housing development and agriculture have chased out the milkweed plants that used to be abundant across 皇冠体育app官网平台, leading to a huge decline in the monarch butterfly population. In fact, monarch population numbers have been down by over 90% in recent years!

How Can You Help Monarchs?

Get started in your journey to support monarchs with these resources!


Planting a Milkweed Garden


The best choice for monarchs is milkweed that is native to your region! There are over 100 species of milkweed that naturally occur throughout North and Central 皇冠体育app官网平台, but not all of these will be native to where you live in the country.

Four milkweed species are native to much of the United States making them a good choice for many regions. They are also readily available at many plant nurseries.

Common milkweed

Common milkweed
(Asclepias syriaca)

Monarch butterfly on swamp milkweed

Swamp milkweed
(Asclepias incarnata)

Monarch caterpillar on butterflyweed plant

Butterflyweed
(Asclepias tuberosa)

Showy milkweed

Showy milkweed
(Asclepias speciosa)

to discover which milkweed species are native to your state!

If you live in the United States, we recommend you do not plant this species of milkweed. Tropical milkweed (Asclepias curassavica), which is sold at many retail nurseries, is not native to the United States. Plus, research is showing that its long bloom time may have some negative effects on monarch migration and can even be a source of disease spread within monarch populations. For these reasons, we recommend avoiding tropical milkweed and instead opting for milkweed species that are . Read more here and learn to identify this species.

While there isn’t currently a simple answer to this question, the more milkweed you plant, the better!

In general, the number of milkweed plants is less important than the fact that you are planting milkweed in the first place!

Monarch caterpillar eating leaf

CREDIT: LISA SOWA-DOWNS

If you’re looking for some other tangible goals to help monarchs, you can:

  • Set a goal of having your garden be 70% native plants.
  • Plant milkweed in clumps so that monarch caterpillars can crawl between them to forage.
  • Plant with an eye for multi-season blooms of native plants so that monarch butterflies have nectar sources throughout the growing season!

Many local plant stores that specialize in native plants will carry a few milkweed species for purchase. Please ensure that these species are native to your region and avoid tropical milkweed which is commonly sold at retail nurseries. can be a good resource for finding milkweed vendors nearby.

You can also or seeds online from many retailers.


The Monarch鈥檚 Status


There are many different organizations like nonprofits or even international organizations that have so the answer to this question can actually vary. Importantly, not all of these listings carry legal weight.

Often what people mean when they ask this question is whether the monarch butterfly is listed as endangered or threatened by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) under the .

As of December 2024, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed a listing of the North 皇冠体育app官网平台n migratory monarch butterfly as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Protecting the monarch as a threatened species could be great news for the monarchs! It will provide increased funding, coordination, and focus on the work to save this iconic butterfly species.


Learning More About Milkweed and Monarchs


If you live in the United States, the answer is most likely “yes”! You can see a map of .

Yes! While monarch butterflies are a very well-known species, many other animals will benefit from milkweed in your garden. Insects like the milkweed tussock moth and milkweed beetles depend on milkweed as a food source much like the monarch caterpillar does. Meanwhile, the blooms on milkweed will benefit a wide range of pollinators!

You can read up on some of these milkweed-dependent species in this National Wildlife magazine article.

Milkweed bugs

CREDIT: TRACY BRUNNER

Planting milkweed is a great first step to help monarch butterflies, but you can take more action too! You can:

  1. Provide a water source in your garden like a butterfly puddling dish.
  2. Plant other native plant species which can provide blooms that serve as nectar sources for monarch butterflies throughout the growing season.
  3. Avoid pesticides and make sure the plants you are buying are not treated with any systemic pesticides (like neonicotinoids).
  4. Support action in your local community by encouraging your local leaders to take the Mayors' Monarch Pledge!
  5. by urging Congress to pass the Monarch Action, Recovery, and Conservation of Habitat Act.

Check out all of our monarch resources from the past decade here.

Support More than Just Monarchs…

Monarch butterflies are one of many species that are losing their habitat and need our help. The plants you choose for your garden and how you care for your outdoor space can make a huge difference in supporting wildlife and the environment.

By planting a monarch butterfly garden, you are already providing many of the habitat essentials needed to get recognized as a Certified Wildlife Habitat®! See if you qualify for certification and get certified today!

Certified Wildlife Habitat sign